1. Needs in the Matter of Human Health and the
Environment.
Solid waste generated in the municipality until recently
was deposited in an open-air dumpsite.
This causes public health problems due to the amount of contaminants
generated at the disposal site, the high temperatures in that zone, the burning
of waste to reduce volume, and the proliferation of harmful fauna, which
becomes a vector of diseases for the community. Since the existing dump-site is not closed, it is possible to
continue disposing of waste in the area.
Additionally, inadequate disposal of solid waste at
the dump currently presents an environmental risk to soil and water
contamination due to uncontrolled infiltration of leachates generated by waste
decomposition.
Implementation of this project with adequate technologies to control
solid waste was based on health risk evaluation. Closure of open-air dump-site and initiation of expansion of the
landfill is one of the issues of greater interest to the community and
authority.
2.
Environmental Evaluation.
Its environmental evaluation complies with the Law and Regulations established
by the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection. The State of Chihuahua issued its finding on
the EIS developed for the Final Design of the landfill and its expansion and
Closure of the existing dumpsite.
There is a General Modality Environmental Impact Study, which concludes
that the project will not cause significant impacts to the environment. On August 24, 2000 the State of Chihuahua
issued a judgment in favor of the project.
3.
Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resources Laws and
Regulations.
The selected site and the design for the construction of the landfill
comply with the conditions that sites destined for final disposal of municipal
solid waste should meet, according to the Mexican Official Standard
NOM-083-ECOL-1996. Likewise, the
National Anthropology and History Institute has informed of the non-disturbing
of archeological nor historic resources by the implementation of the project. .
1. Appropriate Technology.
A Master Plan for the
Comprehensive Management of Solid Waste in Ojinaga, Chihuahua was completed as
a planning tool in 1999 through BECCs technical assistance funds. The final design for expansion and improvement
to the landfill in Ojinaga, Chihuahua was also completed in 1999. The final design for closure of the open air dumpsite in
Ojinaga, Chihuahua was completed in 2000.
These documents were reviewed and validated by SEDESOL on April 12,
2000, May 10, 2000 and May 10, 2001.
Contracted by NADBank in February 2001, a technical and economic review
of the Master Plan and final designs was completed. The results of this review have been incorporated to the project.
Contracted by NADBank in Abril 2001, an institutional development study
was contracted for the creation of the Municipal Sanitation Utility for
Ojinaga, Chihuahua, the results to date of this study have been incorporated
into the Project.
The project has a planning horizon until the year 2013 and the
alternative analysis completed in the following categories:
·
Alternatives for the collection system:
The alternatives analyzed were collection methods by curb, by fixed
source, and by container. The alternative
selected was a combination of fixed source for residential wastes and curb for
commercial and industrial wastes. This
alternative requires less investment, has the least operational cost, and is
the most adequate for Ojinagas conditions.
In addition, a collection route study was carried out establishing 3
sectors with 6 routes, this means 2 routes for each sector that results in 100%
coverage of the population at the same cost.
·
Alternatives for the final disposal of Solid Waste:
The following two alternatives were analyzed: (1) design and build a new
landfill and (2) modify and expand the current landfill to satisfy current and
future needs to the projects horizon.
The selected alternative was to expand the landfill.
·
Solid Waste Transfer:
The need for building a
transfer station was analyzed but given the volume of waste managed and the
distance to the landfill for its disposal it is not economically feasible or
necessary.
·
Waste Recycling:
A study of the market for potentially recyclable
materials was carried out, given that the potential market is located in the
City of Chihuahua and the low volumes to be managed, it is not economically
viable.
·
Sweeping:
A study of the sweeping was carried out and it was decided that this
service will continue to be provided with resources from the Municipality in
order not to increase rates.
·
Closing of Open Air DumpSite:
The Municipality will close down the Open Air dump with its own resources
and machinery using the final design specifications so as not to increase
rates. To date, these actions have been
carried out partially.
·
Capacity Building: The project proposes capacity
building actions, supported on the strengthening of the regulatory frame, the
creation of the Sanitation Utility under the Department of Municipal Public
Services, its equipment and training of personnel.
2.
Operation and Maintenance Plan
The Solid Waste Comprehensive Management Master Plan, includes operation
and maintenance manuals, personnel organization and performance manuals for
collection and landfill services, personnel organizational chart and functions
to be developed; as well as proposal for compliance with the legal frame for
the utility and municipal accounting and management system with the creation of
the Municipal Sanitation Department.
The Landfill Modification and Expansion Executive Project, includes a
summary of the operation plan, preparation of the land, discharge, arrangement,
scattering, compacting and coverage of wastes deposited; as well as leachate
and biogas exhaust control systems to minimize environmental impacts; also, the
way in which the closing is carried out at the end of its useful life and
applicable measures at the post closing according to applicable
regulations.
The Closing of the Open Air Dump Site Executive Project includes
applicable measures to minimize environmental impacts and the methodology to be
followed for the adequate closing and recovery of the site according to the
urban environment.
3.
Compliance with Design Standards and
Regulations. The design complies with the standards established by the Government of
the State of Chihuahua, through the Environmental Impact Study. Likewise, it adheres to the federal
regulations issued by SEDESOL.
Financial Feasibility and Project Management
1.
Financial Feasibility.
The financial feasibility analysis was concluded to determine
the financial structure of the project, being structured as follows:
|
Estimated
Cost of Construction |
|||
|
Concept |
Amount
(Pesos) |
||
|
|
|
Closure of the Dump Site Collection Final Disposal Administration Studies and training |
849,635 5,909,329 8,995,512 1,065,650 208,000 |
|
|
|
Total Costs to December 2000 |
$17,028,126 |
Of the total budget,
approximately $4,805,558 has already been spent on the landfill and collection
system with municipal, state and federal funds. In addition $407,884 have been spent on in the construction of
the landfills second cell and $295,537 in the closing of the open air dump
site, these latter expenses were made by the municipality. The construction of the landfill began in
1999. To date, there is a first cell
for the landfill and the construction of the second cell is now needed.
A summary of the
financial structure proposed by the project is illustrated in the following
table. In addition, since the final
design has been completed for the expansion of the landfill, the quantities of
materials and labor costs necessary have been determined with more
accuracy.
Financial Structure
|
Source
|
Amount
(pesos) |
% |
|
Federation,
State and Municipality (exercised) |
5,508,979 |
32% |
|
Mexican
Government (to be exercised) |
6,719,147 |
38% |
|
PARESO (SWEP) |
4,800,000 |
30% |
|
BDAN (PRODIN) |
To be
determined |
|
|
TOTAL |
17,028,126 |
100% |
The operation and maintenance of the project will
require funding from the Municipality on an average annual basis of $2,407,300
pesos. Currently they budget for
$3,100,000 pesos.
The operation and maintenance costs are described in
the following table:
|
Operation and Maintenance Costs for the first year of operation |
|||
|
Concept |
Amount(Pesos) (Annual) |
||
|
|
|
Closure
of the Dump Site* Collection Final
Disposal Administration Studies
and training** |
2,070.944 600,219 287,580 133,000 |
|
|
|
Total Costs
for December 2000 |
3,091,743 |
*Operation of the closure of the existing dumpsite
will be administered through the municipality.
**For the first year it is estimated to be a cost of
$133,000. Subsequent years it is
estimated to 15,000 pesos every two years.
2. Rate Model: The municipality
of Ojinaga, Chih., will authorize a rate to construct the infrastructure,
operate and maintain it. The rates were
estimated based on the populations income.
The rates are presented in the following table:
|
User |
Monthly Rate |
Annual Rate |
|
Residential |
|
|
|
High Strata |
19 |
228 |
|
Medium Strata |
19 |
228 |
|
Low Strata |
19 |
228
|
|
Non residential |
|
|
|
Commerce and industries |
19
|
228
|
3. Project Management. The management of the landfill will be done through
the Municipal Sanitation Department with its own resources. The self-sufficiency will be through rates
charged for the service. If that were
not the case the municipalities agree to cover expenses incurred.
1. Beginning
of Public Process: This process began on February 27, 2001, when BECCs
Public Participation Guide, as well as other reference documents were submitted
to Mayor Victor Manuel Sotelo Mata, the Project Sponsor.
2. Steering Committee: The Steering Committee was formed by Minutes dated April 26, 2001,
during a meeting at the City County Room at the Municipal Palace in Ojinaga,
Chih. during which the Board of Directors for said committee was elected. The following persons were elected:
·
President:
Dr. Manuel Jesus Acosta Muñoz.
·
Board Members: C. Prof. Aureliano Armendariz, Dr. Jorge Valdez Rodriguez, Dra.
Ma. Trinidad Jeronimo Castaño, Prof. Gabriel Hernandez Rocha, Ing. Humberto
Lujan Alvarez and Ing. Isidro Olivas Ontiveros.
·
Technical Secretariat:
Lic. Guadalupe
Rivera Rodriguez and C. Jorge Montoya Carrasco.
3. Community
Participation Comprehensive Plan: It
is important to mention, that as part of the activities prior to the beginning
of BECCs Public Process, this agency requested that El Colegio de la
Frontera Norte (COLEF for its Spanish acronym), carry out a project entitled Public Opinion Study
from the Community of Ojinaga, Chih., which was concluded on November 1999 and
which identifies the socio-economic characteristics and what were the most
adequate means to inform the community about the environmental problems and its
potential solutions. In this sense, the
study served as basis to carry out the Community Participation Comprehensive
Plan, which was later integrated to the Steering Committee and sent to BECC for
its approval.
This Community
Participation Comprehensive Plan was received on May 11, 2001 and was approved
by BECC on May 15 of the same year.
4.
Public Information: Information has been distributed through approximately 3 thousand
brochures and flyers mainly, which have been distributed through the water bill
to all the houses and inserted in the local newspapers. Likewise, the project has been promoted, its
characteristics and the community has been invited to meetings by using the
three radio stations in the community.
5.
Public Meetings:
1st Public Meeting: This was held on
July 14, 2001, at the Sports Park in the Porfirio Ornelas colonia, a
highly populated colonia, where approximately 280 people attended. The technical and financial aspects of the
project and its scope were presented during this meeting. A survey
taken at the meeting resulted in 92% approved the project.
2nd Public Meeting: This meeting was
held on July 28; during this meeting all the technical and financial
information of the project was presented once again.
1.
Definition and Principles. The project meets the
definition of BECCs Sustainable Development.
The municipal solid waste comprehensive management project in Ojinaga,
Chih., is focused on providing a better quality of life for human beings.
The project
contributes to decreasing the local environmental deterioration by expanding
the landfill that reached its maximum capacity in its first stage and closing
of the open-air dump that has been used for the last 30 years.
The stakeholders
in this project are the Municipality of Ojinaga, the Government of the State of
Chihuahua and the citizens from the municipality who will benefit by improving
the environment and the ecological environment.
The
main elements of the project that contribute to sustainable development
are:
·
Alternatives
environmentally rational for solid waste management and disposal.
·
Services projected to
cover the total urban population in the municipality.
·
Enforcement of waste
reduction at the source programs and
recycling of by-products, as additional alternatives to disposal in a
landfill.
·
Rational recovery of
human and energy resources.
·
Community development through
environmental educational programs.
2.
Strengthening of Institutional and Human Capacity
Building. An important aspect of this
project is that it will strengthen the capacity building of the municipality
with the creation of an inter-municipal organization, with a new and modern
organization with adequate rates that guarantee its self-sufficiency.
The following was proposed for capacity building of
the Public Services Department in Ojinaga:
·
A new organization of
personnel focused on sanitation work in the municipality.
·
Personnel working with
heavy machinery in the landfill were trained for its adequate use.
·
An Organization Manual
for the Public Services Department was presented.
·
Operation, Monitoring
and Closing of Landfill manuals were presented.
·
A restructuring of the
Municipal Sanitation Regulation was presented, which adapts to the projects
needs and objectives.
The organization for the collection, sweeping and final disposal service
will have the following structure, which is considered to be easily
adaptable.
3.
Compliance with Local / Municipal and Regional Plans
for Conservation and Development. The project complies with
all the applicable provisions established in the National and State Development
Plans. Specifically, the project
responds to actions recommended in the Ojinaga Municipal Development Plans, to
solve the problems derived from inadequate management and disposal of municipal
solid waste.
4.
Natural Resource Conservation.
The project takes into consideration all the applicable health and
environmental standards in force, and proposes strategies for the adequate
management of solid waste generated in Ojinaga, with the purpose of impacts
being minimum on human health and the environment, by mitigating soil and water
table contamination.
An action that will
mitigate negative environmental impacts in an important way is the closure of
the open-air dump that has been operating for 30 years. This work is complemented with the
expansion, modifications and start-up of operations at the local landfill,
which is located faraway from the city and meets the specifications established
in Mexican Official Standard NOM-083-ECOL
5.
Community Development.
The characteristics and
parameters used to plan the projects strategies, imply a direct benefit for
100% of the urban population.
Within the main
beneficial impacts are:
·
Direct benefit in the
environmental and health area due to adequate management of solid waste.
·
Economic benefit due to
the works necessary to operate the landfill.
This makes us conclude that there will be an important benefit and
development in Ojinaga in the environmental, social and economic area.
The purpose of
this project is to provide the population in the region with a safe, efficient
and reliable public sanitation service.
Which will increase the well being of the communities, eliminating the
risk of diseases and outbreaks .